Integrable Couplings, Variational Identities and Hamiltonian Formulations

نویسندگان

  • Wen-Xiu Ma
  • Jinghan Meng
  • Huiqun Zhang
چکیده

We discuss Hamiltonian formulations for integrable couplings, particularly biand tri-integrable couplings, based on zero curvature equations. The basic tools are the variational identities over non-semisimple Lie algebras consisting of block matrices. Illustrative examples include dark equations and biand tri-integrable couplings of the KdV equation and the AKNS equations, generated from the enlarged matrix spectral problems. The associated variational identities yield bi-Hamiltonian formulations and hereditary recursion operators, thereby showing their Liouville integrability.

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تاریخ انتشار 2012